diff --git a/application/common/library/Snowflake.php b/application/common/library/Snowflake.php
index 2e9e9280..3c365c65 100644
--- a/application/common/library/Snowflake.php
+++ b/application/common/library/Snowflake.php
@@ -5,121 +5,471 @@ namespace app\common\library;
 
 class Snowflake
 {
-    // 起始时间戳（2023-01-01）
+    // 起始时间戳（2023-01-01 00:00:00）
     const EPOCH = 1672502400000;
 
-    // 机器ID位数
-    const WORKER_ID_BITS = 5;
-    const DATACENTER_ID_BITS = 5;
-    const SEQUENCE_BITS = 12;
+    // 位数分配
+    const WORKER_ID_BITS = 5;      // 5位工作机器ID
+    const DATACENTER_ID_BITS = 5;  // 5位数据中心ID
+    const SEQUENCE_BITS = 12;      // 12位序列号
 
-    // 最大值
+    // 最大值计算
     const MAX_WORKER_ID = -1 ^ (-1 << self::WORKER_ID_BITS);
     const MAX_DATACENTER_ID = -1 ^ (-1 << self::DATACENTER_ID_BITS);
     const MAX_SEQUENCE = -1 ^ (-1 << self::SEQUENCE_BITS);
 
-    // 移位
+    // 移位偏移量
     const WORKER_ID_SHIFT = self::SEQUENCE_BITS;
     const DATACENTER_ID_SHIFT = self::SEQUENCE_BITS + self::WORKER_ID_BITS;
     const TIMESTAMP_LEFT_SHIFT = self::SEQUENCE_BITS + self::WORKER_ID_BITS + self::DATACENTER_ID_BITS;
 
+    // 序列号掩码
+    const SEQUENCE_MASK = -1 ^ (-1 << self::SEQUENCE_BITS);
+
+    // 实例存储
+    protected static $instances = [];
+
     protected $workerId;
     protected $datacenterId;
     protected $sequence = 0;
     protected $lastTimestamp = -1;
+    protected $lastGenerateTime = 0;
 
+    /**
+     * 构造函数
+     * @param int $workerId 工作机器ID (0-31)
+     * @param int $datacenterId 数据中心ID (0-31)
+     * @throws \Exception
+     */
     public function __construct($workerId = 1, $datacenterId = 1)
     {
+        // 验证 workerId
         if ($workerId > self::MAX_WORKER_ID || $workerId < 0) {
-            throw new \Exception("worker Id can't be greater than " . self::MAX_WORKER_ID . " or less than 0");
+            throw new \Exception(sprintf(
+                "Worker ID 必须在 0 到 %d 之间，当前值：%d",
+                self::MAX_WORKER_ID,
+                $workerId
+            ));
         }
 
+        // 验证 datacenterId
         if ($datacenterId > self::MAX_DATACENTER_ID || $datacenterId < 0) {
-            throw new \Exception("datacenter Id can't be greater than " . self::MAX_DATACENTER_ID . " or less than 0");
+            throw new \Exception(sprintf(
+                "Datacenter ID 必须在 0 到 %d 之间，当前值：%d",
+                self::MAX_DATACENTER_ID,
+                $datacenterId
+            ));
         }
 
         $this->workerId = $workerId;
         $this->datacenterId = $datacenterId;
+
+        // 记录日志
+        \think\Log::info(sprintf(
+            "Snowflake 实例初始化完成，WorkerId: %d, DatacenterId: %d",
+            $workerId,
+            $datacenterId
+        ));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * 生成下一个ID
+     * @return int
+     * @throws \Exception
+     */
     public function nextId()
     {
         $timestamp = $this->timeGen();
 
+        // 检查时钟回拨
         if ($timestamp < $this->lastTimestamp) {
             $diff = $this->lastTimestamp - $timestamp;
-            throw new \Exception("Clock moved backwards. Refusing to generate id for {$diff} milliseconds");
+
+            // 轻微时钟回拨，等待时钟追上
+            if ($diff < 100) { // 100毫秒内的回拨
+                usleep($diff * 1000); // 微秒休眠
+                $timestamp = $this->timeGen();
+            } else {
+                throw new \Exception(sprintf(
+                    "时钟回拨过大，拒绝生成ID。回拨时间：%d 毫秒",
+                    $diff
+                ));
+            }
         }
 
+        // 同一毫秒内生成多个ID
         if ($this->lastTimestamp == $timestamp) {
             $this->sequence = ($this->sequence + 1) & self::MAX_SEQUENCE;
+
+            // 序列号溢出，等待下一毫秒
             if ($this->sequence == 0) {
                 $timestamp = $this->tilNextMillis($this->lastTimestamp);
             }
         } else {
-            $this->sequence = 0;
+            // 新的毫秒，重置序列号，使用随机初始值避免重复
+            $this->sequence = mt_rand(0, 10) & self::MAX_SEQUENCE;
         }
 
         $this->lastTimestamp = $timestamp;
 
-        return (($timestamp - self::EPOCH) << self::TIMESTAMP_LEFT_SHIFT) |
-            ($this->datacenterId << self::DATACENTER_ID_SHIFT) |
-            ($this->workerId << self::WORKER_ID_SHIFT) |
-            $this->sequence;
-    }
+        // 计算并返回ID
+        $id = ((($timestamp - self::EPOCH) << self::TIMESTAMP_LEFT_SHIFT)
+            | ($this->datacenterId << self::DATACENTER_ID_SHIFT)
+            | ($this->workerId << self::WORKER_ID_SHIFT)
+            | $this->sequence);
 
-    protected function tilNextMillis($lastTimestamp)
-    {
-        $timestamp = $this->timeGen();
-        while ($timestamp <= $lastTimestamp) {
-            $timestamp = $this->timeGen();
-        }
-        return $timestamp;
-    }
+        // 记录生成时间（用于调试）
+        $this->lastGenerateTime = microtime(true);
 
-    protected function timeGen()
-    {
-        return floor(microtime(true) * 1000);
+        return $id;
     }
 
     /**
-     * 解析雪花ID
-     * @param int $id
+     * 等待到下一毫秒
+     * @param int $lastTimestamp 最后时间戳
+     * @return int
+     */
+    protected function tilNextMillis($lastTimestamp)
+    {
+        $timestamp = $this->timeGen();
+        $waitCount = 0;
+
+        while ($timestamp <= $lastTimestamp) {
+            // 等待时间过长记录警告
+            if ($waitCount++ > 100) {
+                \think\Log::warning("Snowflake 等待下一毫秒时间过长，已等待 {$waitCount} 次循环");
+            }
+
+            // 微秒级休眠，避免CPU占用过高
+            usleep(100); // 休眠100微秒
+            $timestamp = $this->timeGen();
+        }
+
+        return $timestamp;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取当前时间戳（毫秒）
+     * @return int
+     */
+    protected function timeGen()
+    {
+        // 使用微秒时间，提高精度
+        return (int)(microtime(true) * 1000);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 解析雪花ID为各个组成部分
+     * @param int $id 雪花ID
      * @return array
      */
     public static function parseId($id)
     {
+        // 转换为64位二进制字符串
         $binary = decbin($id);
         $binary = str_pad($binary, 64, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
 
-        $timestamp = bindec(substr($binary, 0, 42));
-        $timestamp = $timestamp + self::EPOCH;
+        // 提取各组成部分
+        $timestampBin = substr($binary, 0, 42);
+        $datacenterIdBin = substr($binary, 42, 5);
+        $workerIdBin = substr($binary, 47, 5);
+        $sequenceBin = substr($binary, 52, 12);
 
-        $datacenterId = bindec(substr($binary, 42, 5));
-        $workerId = bindec(substr($binary, 47, 5));
-        $sequence = bindec(substr($binary, 52, 12));
+        // 转换为十进制
+        $timestamp = bindec($timestampBin) + self::EPOCH;
+        $datacenterId = bindec($datacenterIdBin);
+        $workerId = bindec($workerIdBin);
+        $sequence = bindec($sequenceBin);
+
+        // 转换为可读时间
+        $dateTime = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', (int)($timestamp / 1000));
+        $millisecond = $timestamp % 1000;
 
         return [
+            'id' => $id,
             'timestamp' => $timestamp,
-            'datacenterId' => $datacenterId,
-            'workerId' => $workerId,
-            'sequence' => $sequence
+            'datetime' => $dateTime,
+            'millisecond' => $millisecond,
+            'datacenter_id' => $datacenterId,
+            'worker_id' => $workerId,
+            'sequence' => $sequence,
+            'binary' => $binary,
+            'parts' => [
+                'timestamp' => $timestampBin,
+                'datacenter_id' => $datacenterIdBin,
+                'worker_id' => $workerIdBin,
+                'sequence' => $sequenceBin
+            ]
         ];
     }
 
     /**
-     * 生成ID（单例模式）
+     * 生成ID（主调用方法）
+     * @param int|null $workerId 工作机器ID
+     * @param int|null $datacenterId 数据中心ID
+     * @return int
+     * @throws \Exception
+     */
+    public static function generate($workerId = null, $datacenterId = null)
+    {
+        // 获取配置
+        if ($workerId === null) {
+            $workerId = self::getWorkerId();
+        }
+
+        if ($datacenterId === null) {
+            $datacenterId = self::getDatacenterId();
+        }
+
+        // 创建实例键
+        $instanceKey = "{$workerId}_{$datacenterId}";
+
+        // 检查是否已有实例
+        if (!isset(self::$instances[$instanceKey])) {
+            self::$instances[$instanceKey] = new self($workerId, $datacenterId);
+        }
+
+        // 生成ID
+        return self::$instances[$instanceKey]->nextId();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取工作机器ID
      * @return int
      */
-    public static function generate()
+    protected static function getWorkerId()
     {
-        static $instance = null;
-        if (!$instance) {
-            // 从配置获取workerId和datacenterId
-            $workerId = config('snowflake.worker_id') ?: 1;
-            $datacenterId = config('snowflake.datacenter_id') ?: 1;
-            $instance = new self($workerId, $datacenterId);
+        // 1. 从配置文件获取（FastAdmin 使用 application/extra/ 目录）
+        $config = config('snowflake');
+        if ($config && isset($config['worker_id'])) {
+            $workerId = (int)$config['worker_id'];
+            if ($workerId >= 0 && $workerId <= self::MAX_WORKER_ID) {
+                return $workerId;
+            }
         }
-        return $instance->nextId();
+
+        // 2. 从环境变量获取（FastAdmin 使用 .env 文件）
+        if (function_exists('env')) {
+            $envWorkerId = env('SNOWFLAKE_WORKER_ID');
+            if ($envWorkerId !== null && $envWorkerId !== false) {
+                $workerId = (int)$envWorkerId;
+                if ($workerId >= 0 && $workerId <= self::MAX_WORKER_ID) {
+                    return $workerId;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 3. 自动生成（基于服务器信息和进程ID）
+        // 使用服务器IP的最后一段 + 进程ID
+        $serverIp = self::getServerIp();
+        $ipParts = explode('.', $serverIp);
+        $ipLastPart = end($ipParts);
+        $processId = getmypid() ?: 1;
+
+        // 计算唯一的工作ID
+        $workerId = (($ipLastPart * 1000) + $processId) % (self::MAX_WORKER_ID + 1);
+
+        // 确保在有效范围内
+        $workerId = max(0, min($workerId, self::MAX_WORKER_ID));
+
+        return (int)$workerId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取数据中心ID
+     * @return int
+     */
+    protected static function getDatacenterId()
+    {
+        // 1. 从配置文件获取
+        $config = config('snowflake');
+        if ($config && isset($config['datacenter_id'])) {
+            $datacenterId = (int)$config['datacenter_id'];
+            if ($datacenterId >= 0 && $datacenterId <= self::MAX_DATACENTER_ID) {
+                return $datacenterId;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 2. 从环境变量获取
+        if (function_exists('env')) {
+            $envDatacenterId = env('SNOWFLAKE_DATACENTER_ID');
+            if ($envDatacenterId !== null && $envDatacenterId !== false) {
+                $datacenterId = (int)$envDatacenterId;
+                if ($datacenterId >= 0 && $datacenterId <= self::MAX_DATACENTER_ID) {
+                    return $datacenterId;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 3. 自动生成（基于服务器IP）
+        $serverIp = self::getServerIp();
+        $ipParts = explode('.', $serverIp);
+
+        // 使用IP前两段计算数据中心ID
+        $part1 = isset($ipParts[0]) ? (int)$ipParts[0] : 0;
+        $part2 = isset($ipParts[1]) ? (int)$ipParts[1] : 0;
+        $datacenterId = (($part1 * 10) + $part2) % (self::MAX_DATACENTER_ID + 1);
+
+        // 确保在有效范围内
+        $datacenterId = max(0, min($datacenterId, self::MAX_DATACENTER_ID));
+
+        return (int)$datacenterId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取服务器IP
+     * @return string
+     */
+    protected static function getServerIp()
+    {
+        // 多种方式获取服务器IP
+        if (isset($_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR'])) {
+            return $_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR'];
+        }
+
+        if (function_exists('gethostname')) {
+            $hostname = gethostname();
+            if ($hostname) {
+                $ip = gethostbyname($hostname);
+                if ($ip !== $hostname) {
+                    return $ip;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 尝试获取本机IP
+        if (function_exists('shell_exec') && strtoupper(substr(PHP_OS, 0, 3)) !== 'WIN') {
+            $ip = shell_exec("hostname -I | awk '{print $1}'");
+            if ($ip) {
+                return trim($ip);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 默认返回127.0.0.1
+        return '127.0.0.1';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 批量生成ID
+     * @param int $count 生成数量
+     * @param int|null $workerId 工作机器ID
+     * @param int|null $datacenterId 数据中心ID
+     * @return array
+     * @throws \Exception
+     */
+    public static function batchGenerate($count = 10, $workerId = null, $datacenterId = null)
+    {
+        if ($count <= 0 || $count > 10000) {
+            throw new \Exception("生成数量必须在 1-10000 之间");
+        }
+
+        $ids = [];
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
+            $ids[] = self::generate($workerId, $datacenterId);
+        }
+
+        return $ids;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 验证ID是否有效
+     * @param int $id 雪花ID
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public static function validate($id)
+    {
+        if (!is_numeric($id) || $id <= 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $parsed = self::parseId($id);
+
+            // 检查时间戳是否合理（不能超过当前时间+10年）
+            $currentTime = (int)(microtime(true) * 1000);
+            $maxTime = $currentTime + (10 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000); // 10年后
+
+            if ($parsed['timestamp'] > $maxTime || $parsed['timestamp'] < self::EPOCH) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // 检查ID组成部分是否在有效范围内
+            if ($parsed['datacenter_id'] > self::MAX_DATACENTER_ID ||
+                $parsed['worker_id'] > self::MAX_WORKER_ID ||
+                $parsed['sequence'] > self::MAX_SEQUENCE) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        } catch (\Exception $e) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取ID生成统计信息
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function getStats()
+    {
+        return [
+            'worker_id' => $this->workerId,
+            'datacenter_id' => $this->datacenterId,
+            'last_timestamp' => $this->lastTimestamp,
+            'last_generate_time' => $this->lastGenerateTime,
+            'max_worker_id' => self::MAX_WORKER_ID,
+            'max_datacenter_id' => self::MAX_DATACENTER_ID,
+            'max_sequence' => self::MAX_SEQUENCE,
+            'epoch' => self::EPOCH,
+            'epoch_datetime' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s', self::EPOCH / 1000)
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取ID的详细信息（调试用）
+     * @param int $id
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function getDetail($id)
+    {
+        if (!self::validate($id)) {
+            return ['error' => '无效的雪花ID'];
+        }
+
+        $parsed = self::parseId($id);
+
+        // 添加生成时间估算
+        $generateTime = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', $parsed['timestamp'] / 1000);
+        $now = time();
+        $generateTimestamp = $parsed['timestamp'] / 1000;
+        $timeDiff = $now - $generateTimestamp;
+
+        if ($timeDiff < 60) {
+            $timeAgo = "刚刚";
+        } elseif ($timeDiff < 3600) {
+            $timeAgo = floor($timeDiff / 60) . "分钟前";
+        } elseif ($timeDiff < 86400) {
+            $timeAgo = floor($timeDiff / 3600) . "小时前";
+        } else {
+            $timeAgo = floor($timeDiff / 86400) . "天前";
+        }
+
+        return [
+            'id' => $parsed['id'],
+            'timestamp' => $parsed['timestamp'],
+            'datetime' => $parsed['datetime'],
+            'datetime_full' => $generateTime . '.' . str_pad($parsed['millisecond'], 3, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT),
+            'time_ago' => $timeAgo,
+            'datacenter_id' => $parsed['datacenter_id'],
+            'worker_id' => $parsed['worker_id'],
+            'sequence' => $parsed['sequence'],
+            'binary' => chunk_split($parsed['binary'], 8, ' '),
+            'binary_parts' => [
+                'timestamp' => $parsed['parts']['timestamp'],
+                'datacenter' => $parsed['parts']['datacenter_id'],
+                'worker' => $parsed['parts']['worker_id'],
+                'sequence' => $parsed['parts']['sequence']
+            ]
+        ];
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/application/extra/snowflake.php b/application/extra/snowflake.php
index 1a3e94d9..a4409e4a 100644
--- a/application/extra/snowflake.php
+++ b/application/extra/snowflake.php
@@ -1,5 +1,27 @@
 <?php
+// application/extra/snowflake.php
+
 return [
-    'worker_id'     => 1,      // 工作ID（1-31）
-    'datacenter_id' => 1,      // 数据中心ID（1-31）
+    // 工作机器ID (0-31)
+    // -1 表示自动生成
+    'worker_id' => -1,
+
+    // 数据中心ID (0-31)
+    // -1 表示自动生成
+    'datacenter_id' => -1,
+
+    // 是否启用日志记录
+    'log_enabled' => false,
+
+    // 时钟回拨处理策略
+    'clock_backwards_strategy' => 'wait',
+
+    // 最大等待时间（毫秒）
+    'max_wait_time' => 100,
+
+    // ID生成模式
+    'mode' => 'auto',
+
+    // 服务器标识
+    'server_identifier' => '',
 ];
\ No newline at end of file